Dihydroquercetin and Power of Antioxidant
DHQ with high-order crystal structure and all the attributes of a Nano system, is a natural bioflavonoid extracted from Siberian larch wood, with the highest antioxidant capacity, and the ability to bind free oxygen radicals, that can cause negative changes in the human body cells, to prevent body-aging processes, to preserve and increase body's natural immune capabilities, extend human life by 20-25 years.
Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) tests are among the most acknowledged methods to quantify antioxidants in a material. Brunswick laboratories ORAC tests measure antioxidant scavenging activity against oxygen radicals that are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of aging and common diseases. ORAC 6.0™ consists of six types of assays that evaluate the antioxidant capacity of a material against six primary reactive oxygen species (ROSs, commonly called "oxygen radicals") found in humans.
Antioxidants are a group of molecules with unique chemical structures that enable them to absorb high-energy chemicals known as free oxygen radicals. These free oxygen radicals have high reactive energy, and are unstable, thus, they can cause some issues and damage in food and biological systems—including the human body. Because of their ability to absorb unstable free radicals, antioxidants have a long history of use in several important industries where free radicals cause issues.
As a step further from chemical analysis, the cellular antioxidation effect investigation measures a material’s intracellular antioxidant capacity and its ability to minimize oxidation damage in cells. It is a preclinical measure of bioavailability of a material that describes the efficiency of the material to be absorbed by human cells, as well as its antioxidation effectiveness within the cells.
DHQ prevents oxidation by reducing the rate of chain initiation by free radicals, especially peroxyl eadical. DHQ scavenges initiating radicals and destroys them before oxidation is set in motion.
“Very
few individuals, if any, reach their potential maximum life span; they die
instead prematurely of a wide variety of diseases - the vast majority being
"free radical" diseases”
A key fact that makes Quercetin and Dihydroquercetin different products are their solubility properties. DHQ is immediately ready to protect living cells. Quercetin is not water-soluble and even though it has a higher CAP-e value when dissolved in ethanol (approximately 1,000), it cannot protect living cells without first having been dissolved in alcohol.
By substantial efficiency of hydrogen atom and electron transfer and by keeping metal ions tightly sequestered (metal-chelating agent), Dihydroquercetin brings fundamental means of antioxidant defense against free radical-mediated tissue damage.
If we focus on the dominant chemical process in our body based on simple quantity, the true beneficial effect of antioxidants is not the selective elimination of damaging free radicals, but rather the enhancement of metabolism. This will increase the rate of consumption of oxygen, thus lowering the local oxidation potential and making oxidative damage less likely.
Dihydroquercetin supports cellular
structure and cell metabolism. DHQ of native monomer form processes benefit
results in both intracellular and extracellular environments. Studies in
erythrocytes, mast cells, leucocytes, macrophages and hepatocytes have shown
that DHQ renders cell membranes more resistant to lesions. DHQ can be
distributed to different tissues and is taken up by red blood cells (RBCs),
thereby increasing their antioxidant potential. RBC can uptake DHQ from oral
cavity to portal vein and liver as well as there is a transport service for DHQ
for RBC uptake, which is carried out by transport proteins, including
glutathione pump. Due to the structure positioning of molecule with high
potency to donate hydrogen atom, DHQ can penetrate the human erythrocytes
easily and protect from oxidative damage (CAP-e assay by NIS Labs).
Dihydroquercetin (monomer form) CAP-e assay as a cell-based antioxidant protection assay using eryf oxidative damage within the cell. DHQ may act by increasing the stability of the erythrocyte membrane, exhibites high resistance of the erythrocytes against the oxidative stress and haemolysis produced by osmotic shock. Natural products enter the cytosol and contribute to the reduction othrocytes to address the question of whether antioxidants in complex.
DHQ may
act by increasing the stability of the erythrocyte membrane, exhibites high
resistance of the erythrocytes against the oxidative stress and haemolysis
produced by osmotic shock.
Researchers suggest that the
stereo-chemical structure of native form of Dihydroquercetin facilitates its
penetration into a lipid phase enable the flavonoid to act as a chain-breaking
radical inhibitor in protein-lipid and lipid-lipid cellular environments. The
effectiveness of antioxidant protection by flavonoids like in nature is related
to their ability to interact and penetrate biomembranes causing changes in
membrane structure and fluidity.
DHQ had been evaluated by different
studies as the small-molecule regulator of signalling cascades as promising
anti-inflammatory agent. The inflammatory enzymes (kinases) are activated by
stresses of different origin and leads to the phosphorylation of a number of
transcriptional regulators that can orchestrate a program of gene expression,
including the upregulation of many transcription-factor genes. Like in nature,
DHQ acts as uncoupling agent that inhibits oxidative phosphorylation. Most of
the regulation of transcription by DHQ appears to involve inhibition of
phosphorylation signaling cascades or specific kinases.
DHQ can modify the membrane directly by changing membrane fluidity or the phosphorylation state of lipids or proteins or indirectly via signaling cascade to change the membrane composition. The antiaggregatory and disaggregatory effects of flavonoids on human blood platelets also appear to be a function of altered membrane fluidity. DHQ also can modify the plasma membrane by altering the lipid composition.
DHQ - can
increase body’ s stores of the powerful antioxidant glutathione, which in turn
binds to and curbs the inflammatory effects of excess nitric oxide—a common
marker of serious respiratory conditions like asthma, emphysema, and cystic
fibrosis.
One of the important ways in which
DHQ may limit the inflammatory plain is by preventing elevation of oxidized
glutathione concentration and the oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio induced by
inflammatory cytokines. DHQ shows its modulating activity when the
receptor-stimulated production of peroxide (H2O2) also leads to the activation
of all inflammatory protein kinase pathways, which inflicts oxidative damage
and activates inflammatory signaling cascades inside the cells. DHQ - can
increase body’ s stores of the powerful antioxidant glutathione, which in turn
binds to and curbs the inflammatory effects of excess nitric oxide—a common
marker of serious respiratory conditions like asthma, emphysema, and cystic
fibrosis.
DHQ can enhance the production of
glutathione, block the production of reactive oxygen species, and prevent the
late influx of calcium, all of which are activities that prevent specific
events in the cell death pathway.
DHQ is known to inhibit both
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated proinflammatory protein release, which
modulates the proinflammatory molecules that have been reported in many
progressive neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD),
viral and bacterial meningitis, AIDS dementia complex, and stroke. DHQ is known
to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) transcription
factor, which has been implicated in anti-inflammatory response. DHQ works
perfectly as inhibitor of deadly NADPH oxidase, the ROS generating system. By
limiting NO availability and activating pro-inflammatory transcription factors,
NADPH oxidases then promote vascular disease initiation and progression.
Only DHQ of native monomer, water
soluble form can significantly activate Antioxidant Response Element. DHQ
modulates chemopreventive genes through activation of Antioxidant Response
Element. By inducing the expression of antioxidant defense enzymes, DHQ has the
potential to have long-lasting effects on cellular function. This, in turn, is
highly beneficial to cells exposed to chronic oxidative stress under different
pathological conditions.
The supplementation with DHQ helps
to support attention, memory, mental performance, normalized sleep, releaved
headache, decreased fatiquebility, led to the decrease in blood viscosity
values, the reduction of pathological erythrocyte hyper aggregation and the
improvement of erythrocyte deformability.
DHQ helps maintain healthy blood viscosity and
supports microcirculation on the capillary level. Capillaries are the smallest
blood vessels penetrating all our tissues and organs. Thousand kilometers of
capillaries provide oxygen and all the required nutrients to body cells,
reducing at the same time by-products of its activity. It is the border of a
cell and a capillary where metabolism takes place.
Dihydroquercetin supports healthy
blood cholesterol levels. The data indicate that DHQ inhibited the synthesis
and secretion of a number of lipids, in addition to decreasing LDL and
increasing HDL secretion. This supports the mode of action that DHQ, may
represent a potentially important method of controlling atherogenesis. The confirmed
statin-like activity of DHQ may lead to an alternative neutraceutical agent
with combined hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties. The in vivo
studies demonstrated improved glucose tolerance, lower insulin levels, lower
triglyceride mass in tissues, lower plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels,
and a decrease in serum LDL levels as the results of DHQ exposure.
SAFE: Given the physiological levels
expected to be reached upon many flavonoids intake of lipophilic nature, the
results point at possible flavonoid–xenobiotic interactions affecting the
toxicokinetic behavior of these xenobiotics, especially at the level of some
important transport processes. DHQ hydrophilic or “water-lover” molecule’s
nature possesses minor xenobiotic recognition being able to work friendly in
both aqueous and lipid environments with minor toxycokinetics by comparing to
lipophilicity.
In contrast to Quercetin and others
flavonoids of lipophilic nature, Dihydroquercetin represents contra version
mode of action, bioavailability with effect on parameters of antioxidant
status, inflammation and metabolism in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo.
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